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Error details: Error: INTERNAL_ERROR for e6c4de8e-75c8-7c57-0a36-71142872aa4e: {"response":{"errors":[{"message":"INTERNAL_ERROR for e6c4de8e-75c8-7c57-0a36-71142872aa4e","locations":[{"line":181,"column":5}],"path":["youmightlike"],"extensions":{"classification":"INTERNAL_ERROR"}}],"data":{"articleData":{"uri":"/2025/02/24/vanguard-finds-surprising-drop-in-investor-sentiment/","canonicalUrl":"https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2025/02/24/vanguard-finds-surprising-drop-in-investor-sentiment/","generatedId":"","naturalId":"00000195-38a5-d693-af95-fafd2c3a0000","recombeeId":"00000195-38a5-d693-af95-fafd2c3a0000","type":"ARTICLE","postFormat":"news","kickerPresentedBy":{"label":"","value":""},"breadcrumb":[{"name":"Financial Planning","uri":"/financial-planning/"},{"name":"Behavioral Finance","uri":"/financial-planning/behavioral-finance/"}],"presentedBy":"","title":"Vanguard Finds Surprising Drop in Investor Sentiment","useFeaturedImage":"true","readtime":"7","timeToRead":"7 minute","prettyModified":"February 24, 2025 at 11:50 AM","prettyDateTime":"February 24, 2025 at 11:50 AM","needToKnow":["While stocks remain near record highs, investors see a far higher chance of an economic or market cataclysm than they did a year ago.","A behavior expert at Vanguard says a \"front-page news effect\" is at play.","Vanguard clients are staying the course with their portfolios despite the uncertainty."],"byline":"Dinah Wisenberg Brin","nofollow":false,"showDisclaimer":true,"authors":[{"name":"Dinah Wisenberg Brin","description":"Dinah Wisenberg Brin joined ThinkAdvisor in May 2022 as a reporter covering portfolio strategies, asset management and financial industry news. Earlier, she held staff positions with The Associated Press and Dow Jones Newswires, where she frequently contributed to The Wall Street Journal; she also freelanced for multiple news outlets and organizations, such as <a href=\"http://CNBC.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">CNBC.com</a>, <a href=\"http://Entrepreneur.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Entrepreneur.com</a> and <a href=\"http://Forbes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Forbes.com</a>. Dinah won a team award from the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing for breaking news reporting (2010) and earned a B.A. in government from the University of Texas at Austin.\n\nPlease reach out to Dinah with news and tips at [email protected].","imageLarge":"https://assets.alm.com/12/f3/49576881466aa76c934fef206d18/dinah-wisenberg-brin-640.jpg","webUrl":"/author/profile/dinah-wisenberg-brin/"}],"publication":"ThinkAdvisor","kicker":"Analysis","kickerNode":[{"name":"Analysis","slug":"analysis","uri":"/analysis/","sectionName":"Analysis"}],"prettyDate":"February 24, 2025","pubDate":"2025-02-24 11:50:15.000","modifiedDate":"2025-02-24 11:50:21","isDownload":"false","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"Financial Planning|Behavioral Finance","sectionName":"","name":"Financial Planning|Behavioral Finance","uri":"/financial-planning/behavioral-finance/","slug":"financial-planning-behavioral-finance","channelUri":""},"tags":[],"image":{"uri":"https://assets.touchpointmarkets.com/e2/98/61d02dcf43b0901ccb16bd09f55b/wisenberg-brin-dinah-illustrated-640x640-1-1.jpg","width":"640","height":"640","alt":"e2/98/61d02dcf43b0901ccb16bd09f55b/wisenberg-brin-dinah-illustrated-640x640-1-1.jpg"},"embed1":"","embed2":"","summary":"Investors see a far higher chance of an economic or market cataclysm than they did a year ago.","categories":[{"name":"Analysis","uri":"/analysis/","channelName":"Kicker"},{"name":"Financial Planning|Behavioral Finance","uri":"/financial-planning/behavioral-finance/","channelName":"Financial Planning|Behavioral Finance"},{"name":"Portfolio|Economy & Markets","uri":"/investment-portfolio/economy-markets/","channelName":"Portfolio|Economy & Markets"},{"name":"Vanguard","uri":"/financial-topics/vanguard/","channelName":"Financial Topics"}],"allCategories":[{"sectionName":"Analysis","channelName":"Kicker","channelUri":"","slug":"analysis"},{"sectionName":"","channelName":"Financial Planning|Behavioral Finance","channelUri":"","slug":"financial-planning-behavioral-finance"},{"sectionName":"","channelName":"Portfolio|Economy & Markets","channelUri":"","slug":"portfolio-economy-markets"},{"sectionName":"Vanguard","channelName":"Financial Topics","channelUri":"financial-topics","slug":"vanguard"}],"bodyArray":["This is the latest in a series of columns about portfolio strategies, financial planning and asset management.","Investor sentiment about the markets, economy and inflation has dropped significantly this month, even as the S&P 500 has held on near record highs, a Vanguard survey has found, prompting experts at the asset manager to suggest a “front page news effect” may be at play.","“Sentiment has taken a turn for the worse but the markets haven't,” Andy Reed, Vanguard’s head of investor behavior, told me in a phone interview Thursday. “And in fact, just in the last few days, the markets are actually slightly up, trading sideways, but sentiment is really quite negative.”","<div class=\"paywall-content\">(On Friday, the Nasdaq 100 index and the S&P 500 both dropped around 2%.)","Vanguard’s investor research and insights team was surprised by early findings from their latest investor expectations survey, since there’s typically a strong correlation between the market’s performance over the previous 12 months and clients’ outlook for the next 12, Reed said.","The survey showed a few anomalies, with sentiment on various measures showing unusual movements, notably the lower sentiment amid higher market performance.","“That's a bit of a head scratcher for us because when you look at the overall patterns, in the last couple of events where we saw sentiment dip in a similar fashion, there were really considerable drops in market and economic indicators,” he said, citing February and March 2020 — early in the COVD-19 pandemic – and 2022, when the market declined throughout the year.","“So there's a little bit of a paradox where sentiment is diverging from the market in a way that we just haven't seen before,” Reed said. <h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\">The ‘Front Page News’ Effect?</h2> Vanguard noted earlier in the week that the S&P 500 and egg prices both hit all-time highs this month, but said investors seem more concerned about the eggs. The working hypothesis from Reed’s group is that a front page news effect is generating uncertainty, which breeds anxiety.","“Investors normally show robust optimism, even in the face of bad news, and their expectations were flying high in 2024 alongside the market. But since October, investor expectations and concerns over tail risks moved sharply in the negative direction and much closer to those of economists, while inflation concerns loom large,” Reed said in the note.","“Whether it’s the price of eggs or stretched equity valuations, the exuberance of 2024 may have run its course.”","About 2,800 Vanguard clients are included in the survey, fielded on Feb. 11 and ongoing this month. To be included, investors must have opted in to receive Vanguard statements by email, be over 21, and have at least $10,000 in total Vanguard assets. The sample group holds about $2 trillion in assets at Vanguard, which runs the survey every other month.","Investor sentiment dropped significantly across all metrics at magnitudes not seen since 2022, including short-run market and economic expectations, inflation, and the fear and doubt index, with 12-month market expectations dropping from 6% to 7% throughout 2024 to under 5% this month, Vanguard found.","GDP growth expectations dropped from roughly 3.5% in 2024 to 2.5% this month. <h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\">Will the Economy Crash?</h2> “Concern over the prospect of market and economic disasters spiked in ways never seen before,” the firm said. Investor inflation expectations, for example, are worse than the current Consumer Price Index inflation rate (4% vs. 3%), while concerns about market or economic crashes have diverged more than ever before in the survey’s eight-year history.","Normally they are closely correlated, within 1% of each other, but investors now see higher chances of an economic disaster than a market crash — a 7.8% chance of an economic disaster versus 5.8% for a market crash, Vanguard said.","“Both numbers are well above the range we saw for most of 2024, when investors pegged the odds of economic disasters in the 4%-5% range and odds of a market disaster in the 4%-4.5% range,” Reed explained. “In other words, the current estimates are 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than last year’s trend.”","The survey’s definition of disaster sets a very high bar, he added. Economic disaster means annual GDP growth of negative 3% over the next three years and market disaster means a drop of 30% in the following 12 months. “Even major events would not reach these lofty criteria, such as the market drop in 2022.”","Vanguard also found twice as many “bears” now compared to what the firm saw for most of 2024: 12.6% of investors in February 2025 predicted negative market returns for the next 12 months, versus only 4%-5% of investors in June, August, and October 2024.","Since Vanguard investors tend to be optimistic in general — their average market expectations are consistently positive across every single survey wave — “we typically keep a close eye on changes in expectations as a signal of sentiment. In the latest wave, the large magnitude, negative direction, and puzzling market context surrounding the change in expectations was noteworthy.”","Reed’s team wondered what could explain investors’ greater uncertainty about the economy and inflation than about the markets.","“One potential explanation is fears about tariffs, trade wars, etc., which ultimately could affect both inflation, the market and the economy,” Reed said.","While the looming prospect of trade wars may explain investors’ market pessimism, another explanation could be that they’ve become more aligned to economists’ and Vanguard’s view that equity valuations are stretched and the market may be due for a correction, he said, adding that the tariff and trade war fears are a more plausible explanation.","Reed, who has a Ph.D in psychology and joined Vanguard from Fidelity in 2022, acknowledged that uncertainty stemming from moves the new White House has taken, such as cuts to agency spending and headcount and their eventual ripple effects, could feed investor worry as well.","<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\">Staying the Course</h2> Despite the notably lower sentiment, Vanguard clients appear to be largely sticking with their portfolios so far.","“On any given day over the past two weeks, 98% to 99% of Vanguard retail investors made no trades, which is well within the range of normal trading rates for our clients and speaks to the long-term ‘buy and hold’ investment mentality that we typically observe and encourage,” Reed told me. “Investor anxiety may be on the rise, but it hasn’t reached a boiling point or translated to ‘panic selling’ by any means.”","Investors are human and it’s normal to feel anxious when there’s bad news on the front page, he noted. Nonetheless, Vanguard would like to see investors “stay calm, stay collected, even as chaos may be swirling around them.”","The firm encourages clients to focus on what they can control rather than what they can’t.","“So we can't control the front-page news unfortunately,” Reed said. “In times of instability, uncertainty, very basic steps like making sure you have adequate emergency savings, revisiting your financial plan, your portfolio, do you have the right mix of assets, do you have an all-weather portfolio, something that can handle twists and turns in the market and the economy?","“If the answer is yes, then hopefully we would love to see investors able to sleep at night, remain calm. But again, it is asking a lot because there's a reason why humans experience anxiety. It can be a useful emotion; it can spur us to take action when necessary,” he said.","“It would be unrealistic to expect people to be never anxious, but our hope is that we can encourage investors to take certain actions that could at least help resolve some of the anxiety, even if it doesn't eliminate it entirely.”","Credit: Adobe Stock </div>"],"slides":[],"video":""},"articlePackages":[],"recentData":{"name":"Recently Updated Q&As","tieredName":["Recently Updated Q&As"],"description":"","page":1,"estimate":141,"h1":"","metaTitle":"","metaDescription":"","pageSize":10,"contents":[{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/08/28/85224--what-is-the-temporary-senior-deduction-deduction-for-taxpayers-age-65-and-over/","title":"8522.4 / What is the temporary “senior deduction” deduction for taxpayers age 65 and over?","byline":"Robert Bloink","kicker":"","timeToRead":"1 minute","authors":[{"name":"Robert Bloink","webUrl":"/author/profile/robert-bloink/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"August 28, 2025","pubDate":"2025-08-28 10:32:26.000","prettyModifiedDate":"August 28, 2025 at 09:54 AM","readtime":"1","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"},"image":{"uri":"","width":"","height":""},"summary":"The 2025 OBBB created a new senior deduction that provides a $6,000 deduction for taxpayers who have reached age 65 by the end of the tax year. The senior deduction is available regardless of whether the taxpayer itemizes or elects to take the standard deduction.","breadcrumb":[{"name":"Individuals & Small Business","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/"},{"name":"Federal Income Tax","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"}]},{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/08/28/85223--what-is-the-temporary-deduction-for-auto-loan-interest/","title":"8522.3 / What is the temporary deduction for auto loan interest?","byline":"Robert Bloink","kicker":"","timeToRead":"2 minute","authors":[{"name":"Robert Bloink","webUrl":"/author/profile/robert-bloink/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"August 28, 2025","pubDate":"2025-08-28 09:26:03.000","prettyModifiedDate":"January 05, 2026 at 07:58 PM","readtime":"2","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"},"image":{"uri":"","width":"","height":""},"summary":"The 2025 OBBB created a new deduction for “qualified passenger vehicle loan interest”.[1] The amount of the deduction is limited to $10,000 (not to be adjusted for inflation). The deduction phases out and is reduced by $200 for every $1,000 (or portion thereof) by which the taxpayer’s modified adjus...","breadcrumb":[{"name":"Individuals & Small Business","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/"},{"name":"Federal Income Tax","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"}]},{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/08/28/85222--what-is-the-temporary-deduction-for-overtime-income/","title":"8522.2 / What is the temporary deduction for overtime income?","byline":"Robert Bloink","kicker":"","timeToRead":"3 minute","authors":[{"name":"Robert Bloink","webUrl":"/author/profile/robert-bloink/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"August 28, 2025","pubDate":"2025-08-28 09:24:22.000","prettyModifiedDate":"March 10, 2026 at 05:09 PM","readtime":"3","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"},"image":{"uri":"","width":"","height":""},"summary":"Editor's Note: The IRS has confirmed that 2025 will be treated as a transition year with respect to employer reporting obligations.Pursuant to Notice 2025-62, employers will not face penalties for failing to separately provide the total amount of qualified overtime compensation ...","breadcrumb":[{"name":"Individuals & Small Business","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/"},{"name":"Federal Income Tax","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"}]},{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/08/28/what-is-the-temporary-deduction-for-tip-income/","title":"8522.1 / What is the temporary deduction for tip income?","byline":"Robert Bloink","kicker":"","timeToRead":"6 minute","authors":[{"name":"Robert Bloink","webUrl":"/author/profile/robert-bloink/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""},{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","slug":"individuals-and-small-business-federal-income-tax-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"August 28, 2025","pubDate":"2025-08-28 09:19:18.000","prettyModifiedDate":"March 10, 2026 at 05:08 PM","readtime":"6","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"Individuals & Small Business|Federal Income Tax","sectionName":"","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"},"image":{"uri":"","width":"","height":""},"summary":"Editor's Note: The IRS has confirmed that 2025 will be treated as a transition year with respect to employer reporting obligations. Pursuant to Notice 2025-62, employers will not be penalized for failing to provide a separate accounting of any amounts reasonably designated as ca...","breadcrumb":[{"name":"Individuals & Small Business","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/"},{"name":"Federal Income Tax","uri":"/individuals-and-small-business/ind-federal-income-tax/"}]},{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/04/08/8828-what-is-a-high-deductible-health-plan-for-purposes-of-an-hsa/","title":"8828 / What is a high deductible health plan for purposes of an HSA?","byline":"John Manganaro","kicker":"","timeToRead":"11 minute","authors":[{"name":"John Manganaro","webUrl":"/author/profile/john-manganaro/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"April 08, 2025","pubDate":"2025-04-08 06:53:58.000","prettyModifiedDate":"June 03, 2026 at 09:44 PM","readtime":"11","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"","sectionName":"","uri":""},"image":{"uri":"","width":"","height":""},"summary":"Scott Curtis, head of Raymond James Private Client group, explains the firms growth goals, regulatory pressures and outlook on the industry.","breadcrumb":[]},{"publication":"Tax Facts","baseDomain":"www.thinkadvisor.com/tax-facts","presentedBy":"","uri":"/tax-facts/2025/04/08/3640-remote-workers-eligible-for-leave-under-the-family-and-medical-leave-act-fmla/","title":"3640.03 / Are remote workers eligible for leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?","byline":"John Manganaro","kicker":"","timeToRead":"11 minute","authors":[{"name":"John Manganaro","webUrl":"/author/profile/john-manganaro/"}],"kickerNode":[],"categories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""}],"allCategories":[{"channelName":"Recently Updated Q&As","sectionName":"","slug":"recently-updated-q-and-as-tf","channelUri":""}],"prettyDate":"April 08, 2025","pubDate":"2025-04-08 08:20:36","prettyModifiedDate":"February 17, 2025 at 01:29 PM","readtime":"11","primaryCategory":{"channelName":"","sectionName":"","uri":""},"image":{"uri":"https://images.thinkadvisor.com/contrib/content/uploads/sites/415/2021/12/Curtis_Scott_Raymond-James_640x640.jpg","width":"640","height":"640"},"summary":"Editor’s Note: The DOL has released a bulletin clarifying its position on employer obligations when determining whether a remote employee is eligible for FMLA leave. Employers must generally provide FMLA leave if they employ at least 50 employees within a 75-mile radius. When employees work from home, the worksite for FMLA eligibility purposes is the office to which they report or from which their assignments are generated. So, if at least 50 employees (including remote workers) are employed within 75 miles of the office to which the employee reports or from which assignments are generated, the remote employee is eligible for FMLA leave (even if no other employees are employed within 75 miles of the employee’s remote office). \n \nThe Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a federal law that gives covered employees the right to 12 weeks of unpaid leave each year for any covered reason. While it may seem that employees who are not required to report to a physical location would be less likely to need time off to handle family and medical issues, the reality is that many are equally unable to work while a covered reason is ongoing. Employers with remote workers should be aware that they may be required to grant an employee’s request for unpaid time off even if the employee does not report to a physical worksite. \n \nCovered reasons under the FMLA include: \n<ul> \n \t<li>For the birth and care of the newborn child of an employee,</li> \n \t<li>For placement with the employee of a child for adoption or foster care,</li> \n \t<li>To care for an immediate family member (spouse, child, or parent) with a serious health condition, or</li> \n \t<li>For medical leave if the employee is unable to work because of a serious health condition.</li> \n</ul> \nPlanning Point: Note that the Sixth Circuit<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">2</a> has ruled that employers may be required to grant FMLA leave when an employee must care for an adult sibling. The issue to consider is whether an \"in loco parentis\" relationship exists between the two parties. Factors listed by the Sixth Circuit as relevant to the determination include whether the person (1) is in close physical proximity to the adult, (2) assumes responsibility for supporting the adult, (3) exercises control over the adult or has rights over them and (4) shares a close emotional or familial bond (similar to that of an adult child). While the case is limited to the Sixth Circuit, it makes clear that employers should carefully consider the facts before denying a request for FMLA leave. \n \nNot all employees are eligible for unpaid FLMA leave and not all employers are subject to the law. Employees are eligible for FMLA leave if they: \n<ul> \n \t<li>Have worked for their employer at least 12 months,</li> \n \t<li>Have worked at least 1,250 hours over the 12 months preceding the request for FMLA leave, and</li> \n \t<li>Work at a location where the company employs 50 or more employees within a 75-miles radius.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">3</a></li> \n</ul> \nThis law may create unanticipated complications for employers who permit employees to work on a remote basis. In some cases, remote workers report to an office that is in their same geographic location. However, it is becoming more common for workers to report to managers and supervisors who are also working remotely from different locations. \n \nWhen a remote employee requests FMLA leave, questions involving whether the employee is entitled to the FMLA leave often arise. The issue in these cases is whether the employer has at least 50 employees within a 75-mile radius of the remote employee’s workplace. \n \n<hr /> \n \nPlanning Point: Employers who continue to permit remote work should be aware that existing and evolving state and local paid leave laws may apply. For example, Illinois has enacted a new paid bereavement act that became effective January 1, 2023. Under the law, the same requirements that apply in determining FMLA eligibility apply. An employee is eligible to take leave if the employee has worked for a covered employer for at least 1,250 hours within the previous 12 months, and also works at a location where the employer has 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">4</a> \n \nThe Healthy Delaware Families Act provides up to 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave beginning in 2026 (employers will be required to begin implementing payroll deductions as of January 1, 2025). The law is similar to the federal FMLA, but applies to smaller employers, so that any employer with 10 or more employees who report to a Delaware worksite will be required to comply. It remains to be seen whether the law will apply to employers with ten or more employees who work remotely from Delaware.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">5</a> \n \n<hr /> \n \nA Texas court<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">6</a> recently refused to grant a motion to dismiss a case where a company denied an employee’s request for FMLA leave. The company claimed they did not have 50 employees within a 75-mile radius in Texas. The employer’s headquarters was in Ohio, yet the employee was working remotely from Texas (the employee’s supervisor was also working remotely from Texas). The employee claimed that her “worksite” for FMLA purposes was Ohio, where the company was headquartered. \n \nTo have won summary judgement, the court found the company must establish that Ohio was not: \n<ul> \n \t<li>The employee’s “home base”,</li> \n \t<li>The site that assigns the employee’s work, or</li> \n \t<li>The site to which the employee reports</li> \n</ul> \nThe court found that the term “worksite” had to be a location where the employee was physically present and that it referred not to the physical base of the employer’s operations, but to the physical base of the employee. The employee in this case was never physically present in Ohio, so she could not prove Ohio was her home base. However, the court found an issue of fact with respect to where the employee’s assignments were created and originated. The court found that this location is the site from which the employee’s day-to-day instructions were provided and that there was an issue of fact as to whether the assignments originated at the Ohio headquarters. \n \nThe Texas case settled privately before the court provided a final resolution of the issues. The case does, however, point to the fact-intensive nature of the inquiry as to whether any given remote employee may be eligible for FMLA leave. Employers should be aware that is possible that they may be required to provide FMLA leave even if they do not have 50 employees within a 75-mile radius of the remote employee’s physical location. That may be the case if the employee can establish that assignments were created or originated from the employer’s central location or if the employee sends assignments to a central location where they are evaluated (i.e., if the employee’s reporting worksite is where the employer has at least 50 employees). \n<div class=\"refs\"> \n \n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" /> \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">1</a>. See https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/WHD/fab/2023-1.pdf \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">2</a>. Chapman v. Brentlinger Enterprises, No. 2:20-cv-05009 (Dec. 13, 2024). \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">3</a>. More information on the Family and Medical Leave Act requirements can be found at <a href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla\">https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla</a>. \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">4</a>. See Family Bereavement Leave Act (FBLA), available at <a href=\"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/SB/PDF/10200SB3120lv.pdf\">https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/SB/PDF/10200SB3120lv.pdf</a>. \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">5</a>. Available at <a href=\"https://legis.delaware.gov/json/BillDetail/GenerateHtmlDocumentEngrossment?engrossmentId=25023&docTypeId=6\">https://legis.delaware.gov/json/BillDetail/GenerateHtmlDocumentEngrossment?engrossmentId=25023&docTypeId=6</a> \n \n<a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">6</a>. Landgrave v. Fortec Medical, Inc., 1-20-CV-968-RP (U.S. District Ct., W.D. 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