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Stock Price Path Drives Investing Decisions: Behavioral Finance Study

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“Imagine your favorite soccer team is up three-zero at half time, but the match finally ends in a draw,” said Stefan Zeisberger, assistant professor in the College of Business at New York’s Stony Brook University. “You’re probably pretty disappointed because you expected your team to win.”

However, Zeisberger said, “if your team was down three-zero at half time and recovered in the second half of the match, but still ended up with a draw. Depending on the irrelevant state of where your team stands at half time, your happiness as a fan is totally different for the same end result.”

When it comes to financial markets, investors react in exactly the same way as sports fans. They are happiest if their assets first fall in value and then recover, Zeisberger said, and least happy with the opposite pattern, even when the final return is exactly the same.

Zeisberger is the co-author of a brand new behavioral finance study entitled “All’s Well that Ends Well? On the Importance of How Returns are Achieved” and director of Stony Brook’s Center for Behavioral Finance. He is also an associate at Behavioural Finance Solutions (BhFS) in Zurich, an organization that consults with banks and insurance companies to incorporate insights from behavioral finance into their services, products and business processes.

Zeisberger’s study is centered around three characteristic stock price developments: One in which the price path followed a monotonic, one-directional trend; another where the price first decreased but then recovered; and a third where the price went up first and then down. Each price path was combined with an overall return of 10% and with a 10% drop, thereby giving six overall stock price paths.

The results of the study showed that even with the exact same end result, investors are happy if their assets first decline in value and then recover, and disappointed if the value first goes up and then down. As such, it isn’t just the final returns they make on a particular stock that are important to investors, Zeisberger said. The price path by which those returns are achieved also plays a key role in investor emotions, decisions and actions. The systematic differences in satisfaction –with equal final returns—has implications for investors’ risk tolerance and for their future investment decisions, according to Zeisberger.

In a second stage of the study, Zeisberger researched investors’ decisions to either hold or sell a stock. Behavioral finance theory has established that investors tend to stick with holdings that are losing in the hopes that their investment will break even, and to get rid of stocks that went up in price. This tendency is known as “the disposition effect.” However, Zeisberger said his study shows that actual trading decisions are not so robustly linked to the disposition effect as they are to “momentum belief,” a conviction that prices will continue to trend in one direction, whether up or down, for some time. Because of their belief in these momentum trends, the tendency of holding onto losers and selling winner stocks can actually reverse, Zeisberger said, which is why it’s important to take a multi-dimensional approach when looking at trading decisions.

“Our research shows that the disposition effect is not as universal as has been assumed, and that price paths are an important part of investors’ trading decisions,” Zeisberger said.

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