WASHINGTON (AP) — Movie super spies James Bond and Jason Bourne use them. So do real-life presidential candidate Mitt Romney, who says he pays his taxes, and untold numbers of Americans who don’t. Swiss banks and their secretive counterparts around the globe may sound like the exclusive province of the wealthy, the mysterious or the shady, but anybody can legally open an offshore account.
Wouldn’t it be swell to have a cool million stashed away on a sunny Caribbean island?
Here’s how to do it:
Step 1: Get a million dollars.
How? There are essentially two ways — legally or illegally. For those with dirty cash to launder — drug traffickers, mobsters, smugglers, swindlers and such — offshore accounts hidden from the law are the obvious choice (skip to Step 5).
For honest money, there’s more to consider.
Step 2: Decide whether to tell the IRS.
U.S. citizens are supposed to pay taxes no matter where their money is. But the IRS can’t tax what it doesn’t know about, and the odds of getting caught offshore have been slim. But beware — that’s changing.
The government has landed some big fish — notably the largest Swiss bank, UBS AG — and tax cheats are getting scooped up in the net.
In an unprecedented break from Swiss legal tradition, UBS turned over the names of more than 4,000 suspected U.S. tax evaders in 2010 as part of a deal to settle conspiracy charges. Since then, the United States has been going after those people, charging more Swiss bankers with conspiracy, and leaning on Switzerland to name more names.
Other names came from a bank employee-turned-informant at the LGT Bank in Liechtenstein. And the IRS has been tracking down holders of credit cards issued from Caribbean hideaways, because the cards are a popular way to tap secret funds.
“The noose is tightening on those who want to hide money overseas,” said J. Richard Harvey, a former senior adviser to the IRS commissioner.
Pressure to report Americans’ holdings will increase substantially next year under a new U.S. law that imposesfinancial penalties on foreign banks and investment funds that don’t comply. Some tax haven banks may skirt it completely, however. If they don’t make any U.S. investments they can avoid the penalties.
When the IRS offered amnesty in 2009 and 2011, more than 33,000 tax dodgers came in from the cold, yielding $4.4 billion. A new round in the program opened in January.
Step 3: Look for legal ways to pare taxes.
Here it gets complicated.
For corporations, foundations, pension funds and others, controversial offshore maneuvers can help defer or avoid some taxes. For example, a corporation transfers a lucrative chunk of its business to a foreign subsidiary in a low-tax country. Or a nonprofit group puts otherwise taxable investments offshore.
“There’s a thin line between tax avoidance and evasion,” said Rebecca Wilkins, a senior counsel at Citizens for Tax Justice, which opposes corporate loopholes. “A lot of these transactions might not stand up in court if the IRS had the resources to pursue them.”