Tax Facts

954 / When a U.S. citizen is a resident of a foreign country and earns income in that foreign country, is that income included in the taxpayer’s gross income for U.S. tax purposes?

Yes. If a U.S. citizen is employed in a foreign country and files a tax return in that country, that individual will also be required to file a Form 1040 in the United States. A U.S. citizen is taxed on worldwide income, regardless of whether that taxpayer lives in the U.S. or in a foreign country.1
Despite this, a U.S. citizen with foreign earned income may be eligible to exclude all or a portion of foreign earnings from calculation of his or her income for U.S. tax purposes (see Q 955).2 “Foreign earned income” includes amounts received by the individual from sources within a foreign country that are attributable to services performed by the individual.3 Pension and annuity income, amounts paid to the individual by the U.S. (or a U.S. agency) as an employee, and amounts paid to the individual under Section 402(b) (taxability of beneficiaries of nonexempt trusts) or Section 403(b) (taxability of beneficiaries under nonqualified annuities) are excluded from foreign earned income.4





1     See IRS Guidance on the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, available at http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Foreign-Earned-Income-Exclusion-1 (last accessed August 15, 2025).

2     IRC § 911(a)(1).

3     IRC § 911(b)(1)(A).

4     IRC § 911(b)(1)(B).


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