954 / When a U.S. citizen is a resident of a foreign country and earns income in that foreign country, is that income included in the taxpayer’s gross income for U.S. tax purposes?
Yes. If a U.S. citizen is employed in a foreign country and files a tax return in that country, that individual will also be required to file a Form 1040 in the United States. A U.S. citizen is taxed on worldwide income, regardless of whether that taxpayer lives in the U.S. or in a foreign country.1
Despite this, a U.S. citizen with foreign earned income may be eligible to exclude all or a portion of foreign earnings from calculation of his or her income for U.S. tax purposes (see Q 955).2 “Foreign earned income” includes amounts received by the individual from sources within a foreign country that are attributable to services performed by the individual.3 Pension and annuity income, amounts paid to the individual by the U.S. (or a U.S. agency) as an employee, and amounts paid to the individual under Section 402(b) (taxability of beneficiaries of nonexempt trusts) or Section 403(b) (taxability of beneficiaries under nonqualified annuities) are excluded from foreign earned income.4
1See IRS Guidance on the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, available at http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Foreign-Earned-Income-Exclusion-1 (last accessed August 15, 2025).