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Life Health > Health Insurance > Medicare Planning

UnitedHealth CEO Warns of 3-Year Medicare Squeeze

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What You Need to Know

  • Problems at a medical billing unit have stopped up payments for more than one-third of U.S. physicians.
  • Medicare program managers are squeezing Medicare Advantage plan payments.
  • For now, the real earnings killer is Brazil.

UnitedHealth Group executives are working to cope with what they expect to be years of tougher Medicare Advantage payment and cost control strategies.

The Minnetonka, Minnesota-based health insurer and health care services provider, one of the biggest companies in the world, has a 29% share of the Medicare Advantage plan market and a 32% share of the Medicare supplement insurance market.

Just two years ago, the company was calmly steering customers through one of the deadliest pandemics ever to hit the United States.

But the company now faces two U.S. crises: a big ransomware attack on its Change Healthcare medical billing unit and the ongoing squeeze on the Medicare Advantage business.

Andrew Witty, UnitedHealth’s CEO, said Tuesday during a conference call with securities analysts that he believes that the company will continue to be well-positioned to perform well in the Medicare plan market and in other markets.

“We want to be very focused on ensuring that, year in and year out, we’re a super-reliable performer in this environment,” he said.

He did not give clear indications about any plans to change plan menus or coverage prices.

What it means: The challenges at UnitedHealth could affect older clients’ Medicare coverage and any client’s investment portfolios.

Most clients probably have at least some direct exposure to UnitedHealth’s stocks or bonds embedded in a mutual fund.

The Medicare Advantage climate: Shortly after UnitedHealth posted its earnings, the House Energy and Commerce oversight subcommittee held a hearing on improper payments at Medicare and Medicaid programs.

The witnesses, including Michael Chernew, of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, and Gene Dodaro, the head of the U.S. Government Accountability Office, talked about longstanding concerns that Medicare Advantage plan issuers boost the payments they get from the federal government by making aggressive efforts to increase enrollees’ “risk scores,” or indications of how old and sick they are.

Dodaro, for example, presented data indicating that improper payments amount to 6% of Medicare Advantage payments, or $16.6 billion of the total, and 7.4% of payments, or $31 billion of the total, at the “original Medicare” fee-for-service program.

Andrew said he sees 2025 as being the second year in a significant three-year phase of Medicare Advantage program funding reductions.

“We’re at the beginning of our thoughtful, responsible, three-year plan we developed last year to adapt to those changes,” he said. “Our strategy continues to focus on providing as much stability as possible in the reduced funding environment.”

Witty said UnitedHealth wants to respond carefully to Medicare program managers’ final 2025 rate announcement, which could increase federal payments per enrollee by just 3.7%.

“We want to make sure we don’t do anything that chases short-term growth but puts long-term sustainability at risk,” he said. “Really, from February last year, we’ve been getting ourselves lined up for this.”

Congressional Change attack scrutiny: The Change ransomware problems could make it more difficult for companies of all kinds, including life insurance and annuity issuers and their service providers, to fend off questions about their relationship to systemic risk.

Change has been central to the health care financial system. As of the week ending April 3, the attack was continuing to disrupt claim payment revenue for about 36% of U.S. physician practices, according to the American Medical Association.

Around the same time that the House Energy oversight subcommittee was holding a hearing on improper Medicare and Medicaid plan payments, the House Energy health subcommittee was holding a separate hearing on health cybersecurity in the wake of the Change attack.

One witness, Greg Garcia, executive director for cybersecurity at the Healthcare Sector Coordinating Council, emphasized the need for creative, wide-ranging thinking.

“Pull up the floorboards and look at the plumbing to see where the joints are loose and where the leaks are,” Garcia said. “The government should assess future consolidation proposals for mergers and acquisitions against their potential for increased cyber incident and impact risk.”

Witty on the Change attack: Witty said that Change has made substantial progress toward connecting health care provider customers with its billing systems and creating a new “Change 2.0″ system.

“We will not rest until care providers’ connectivity needs are met,” he said.

He noted that the company has provided $6 billion in advance payments and interest-free loans to help providers through the crisis and that it has rapidly developed solutions for restoring claims and payment services.

“I think it is important for the country that we own Change Healthcare,” Witty said. “Without UnitedHealth Group owning Change Healthcare, this attack would likely still have happened and it would have left Change Healthcare extremely challenged. Because it was a part of UnitedHealth Group, we’ve been able to bring it back. We’re going to bring it back much stronger than it was before.”

The earnings: UnitedHealth held the conference call to go over earnings for the first quarter.

UnitedHealth reported a $1.2 billion net loss for the quarter on $100 billion in revenue, compared with a $1.6 billion in net income on $92 billion in revenue for the first quarter of 2023.

The Change attack led to about $230 million in charges in the first quarter, but the main source of the net loss was problems with a health insurance business in Brazil. Completion of a previously announced sale of the unit in Brazil cut $7.1 billion from UnitedHealth’s earnings.

UnitedHealth operating earnings, which exclude direct costs related to the Change attack and the loss on the Brazil subsidiary sale, fell to $7.9 billion, from $8.1 billion.

The company ended the quarter providing or insuring health coverage for 51.5 million people, or about 15% of all U.S. residents, down from 53 million enrollees.

Medicare Advantage plan enrollment increased to 7.8 million, from 7.5 million.

The number of insureds with the company’s Medicare supplement insurance held steady at 4.3 million.

Market reaction: Investors seemed to like what UnitedHealth executives said. They have pushed the price of the company’s common stock up to more than $485 per share, up from about $445 per share before the earnings came out.

Credit: Mike Bradley


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