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Among the most important skills of an estate or financial planner is the ability to know the client, to understand who the client is, where that client stands in relation to the objectives (stated or unstated, realized or subconscious) he/she may have, and what things have to be done to move the client closer to the realization of these goals.

Knowledge of (i) the client, (ii) the client’s fears, hopes, and dreams, (iii) the objects of the client’s bounty and their attendant fears, hopes and dreams (often not the same as the client’s), (iv) the client’s property, and (v) the relation of each to the others is essential to the estate or financial planner.

(Webinar on Oct. 9: Inheriting the Inheritors: The Big Wealth Transfer and Tools Needed to Capture It)

Even the most opposed skeptics cannot deny that there are some parallels between what estate planners do in the initial client interview and follow-up counseling and what those in the other helping professions do. Many clients and patients have difficulty coming to grips with the issues involved in each scenario. Like mental and physical assessments, estate planning assessments and recommendations must be based upon accurate and complete information.

The processes of engagement, data gathering, understanding, and assessment are actually parallel processes.

That we as estate planners have to do all of this at once, most of us without the benefit of formal training or education in these matters, may give us (and many of our clients) great anxiety. In fact, all aspects of estate planning are impacted by human processes. Therefore, why isn’t there more focus on, study of, or formal education about, estate planning as a human process? In our opinion, it is due to a lack of focused and continuous research, efforts hampered and circumvented by our ethical responsibilities in the area of confidentiality.

Why is the initial interview so critical in estate planning?

There is wide agreement among estate planners that obtaining accurate, complete information is critical to fashioning a proper estate plan and keeping the estate planner shielded from malpractice. Is there really more to the initial estate planning client interview than having some basic social skills and a good fact-finder? Can estate planning interview skills be identified, taught and learned?

The good news indeed is that, like technical estate planning knowledge, nearly every estate planner can learn and continuously improve their interviewing skills. If psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers can organize, study, teach and learn interviewing skills tailored to their respective helping professions, then estate planners can as well. Estate planners must focus on the interview aspects of the estate planning process as well as the estate planning process itself. To do this, estate planners must examine the client interview from standpoints of the interviewer and interviewee.

We would like to share some open-ended questions that you may want to use when interviewing clients. These questions are organized into categories for ease of reference. You do not have to use every question, or every category of questions.

A. About you

1. Where do you fit in your family-of-origin’s birth order?

2. How did you obtain your wealth?

3. Have you ever been divorced? How many life partners have you had?

4. What does the word “wealthy” mean to you? Do you consider yourself wealthy?

5. Do you expect to receive a substantial gift, inheritance or other wealth from another source, and, if so, when do you expect to receive it? How much do you expect it to be?

6. Who or what is the source of the values that are important to you, and who was instrumental in instilling those values in you?

7. Of your values, what are the three most important to you? Why are these three the most important?

8. Do you feel that your descendants share your principal values? Why or why not?

9. What is your most important unfulfilled lifetime goal, and why is that particular goal so important to you?

10. Describe your present general health condition.

11. Have you ever declared bankruptcy or been sued for an amount that, if you were liable for that amount, would have bankrupted you?

12. Have you ever been sued? If so, how many times have you been sued? Please describe the present status of those matters.

13. To what ages have your ascendants lived to natural death?

14. What is your greatest fear?

15. Do you have any fears about doing estate planning, and if so, what are those fears?

16. Have you ever envisioned your family immediately following your death? What would that picture look like?

17. Does thinking about or discussing your death make you uncomfortable? Have you ever discussed this subject with your partner or your family? Does it make your partner or family uncomfortable? Has that discomfort impacted your willingness to do estate planning or to make progress in your estate planning?

(Webinar on Oct. 9: Inheriting the Inheritors: The Big Wealth Transfer and Tools Needed to Capture It)

18. Have you ever been involved in a contested estate or trust? If so, please provide some details, including how it started and how it concluded or the present status of the matter.

B. Your parents and other ascendants (e.g., grandparents, etc.)

19. Are either (or both) of your parents still living? If either is living, has either one of them ever taken up a new life partner who is not your parent? If so, how do you feel about that?

20. Have your parents or other ascendants ever discussed the extent of their wealth or their business with you or in front of you? How did you feel about that?

21. Are (were) you close with your parent(s)? If not, what happened to create the distance between you?

22. Did your grandparents or any other ascendant ever “skip a generation” in a bequest? If so, how did you feel about that?

C. Your spouse or life partner

23. If you have a life partner, please describe the present status of your relationship, including how long it has lasted.

24. How many life partners or spouses have you had in your life? How long did each relationship last and how did each end?

25. Did your parents approve of your choice of life partner? How did that make you feel?

26. Have you ever been physically, psychologically or legally separated from your life partner? If so, how long did the separation last, and what caused the separation to end?

27. If you have children from a prior relationship, how do your children and your present life partner get along? How do you expect them to get along after your death?

28. How would you feel about your life partner having a new relationship after your death?

29. Describe your level of comfort in your life partner’s ability to manage either physically or financially after your death?

30. Is there a clear delineation between the separate property of each partner, or has that distinction blurred over time? Do you think that there could be a dispute about who owns what if you two separated or if you die first?

31. How open are you about your life and your finances with your life partner? Is there anything significant about either category that your life partner does not know?

32. Should your life partner be either executor of your estate or trustee of your trust? Please describe your feelings about this subject.

D. Your siblings

33. Do you have siblings? If so, please describe your present relationship with each sibling, including a description of any events that caused disruption or severance of any relationships with them.

34. How did the way in which your parents raised you affect your relationships with your siblings?

35. Do any of your siblings have a serious mental illness or suffer from alcohol or drug dependence? If so, how has this impacted your life?

36. Did your parents spend more money on a sibling than they did on you? If so, please describe and state whether you felt this sibling was more favored by your parents and whether it had any impact on your relationship with that sibling.

E. Your children

37. Do you have children? If so, please describe each child as well as the present status of your relationship with each child and the reason for your feelings in this regard, including your feelings about whether you have favored a child over the others.

38. How well do your children get along, and how do you expect them to get along after your death?

39. Do you discuss your business or your estate planning with your children? Please describe your reasons either why you do or you do not, including whether you have discussed your business or your estate planning with all your children.

40. Have you made any promises to any of your children concerning your estate planning? If so, please describe the details.

41. Are your present estate planning documents consistent with the promises you have made to your children? If not, please explain the inconsistencies.

F. Past experiences with estates or trusts

42. Are you, do you expect to be, or have you ever been, the beneficiary of an estate or trust? If so, what was your experience, and how has that experience impacted your own estate planning?

43. Did you learn of your interest in the estate or trust from the person who gave it to you? Were you asked for any input in the estate planning of the person who gave it to you?

44. If you received something from the estate or trust, did you get what you expected?

45. Please describe what you received from each estate or trust and how it was structured.

46. What was the effect of the estate plan on the post-death relationships of your family, including your extended family (siblings, aunts, etc.)?

47. Have you ever served as a trustee, executor or guardian/conservator? If so, please describe your experiences, including whether anyone disputed your actions in those capacities.

G. Your general views on estate planning

48. Describe your general feelings about trusts and how they should be set up and how long they should last.

49. What are the best purposes for a trust?

50. At what age do you believe a trust should end, if ever?

51. Do you believe that the concept of co-trustees works? Why or why not?

52. What sort of discretion should a trustee be given to make distributions, which could range from no discretion (automatic distributions) to full discretion?

53. How do you feel about banks or other financial institutions as trustees? Please give reasons for your feelings.

54. Should a step-parent ever serve as trustee for a step-child? Why or why not?

55. Should a sibling ever be trustee for another sibling? Why or why not?

56. Describe how important you feel it is that death tax be minimized in estate plans.

57. Should estate plans of parents divide equally between their children (as well as the descendants of a deceased child)? Why or why not?

58. Should an estate plan penalize a child for either inheriting other wealth, financial success or marrying into wealth? Why or why not?

59. Is it appropriate for an estate plan to either give incentives or disincentives for behavior? Why or why not?

60. Is the source of cash to pay post-death debts and death taxes an issue for which a testator has any responsibility or obligation? Why or why not?

61. Should parents discuss their estate planning with their children or their life partner? Why or why not?

62. Is it immoral to disinherit a child or life partner? Why or why not?

H. Your own estate planning

63. Have you or do you intend to discuss your estate planning with your children or your life partner? Why or why not?

64. If you haven’t discussed your estate planning with your children or your life partner or have no intention of doing so, please give the reasons for your decision.

65. Do you believe that your estate plan should contemplate the death, divorce, bankruptcy or disability of a child or life partner? If so, how should your estate plan do this?

66. Should your estate plan include a mechanism such as mediation or arbitration if there is a dispute among your heirs? Why or why not?

67. Do you ever plan to make any significant gifts to a child, life partner or charity during your lifetime? If so, please provide your reasons and define “significant.”

68. If you plan on making a significant gift, please identify the recipients, the amounts and when you plan to make the gifts.

69. Do you want to divide your estate equally among your children? If not, how would you want to divide your estate?

70. Do you want your life partner to share in your estate? If so, how would you want to do that?

71. How do you feel about your estate plan having an impact upon the post-death relationships of your life partner and/or your children?

72. What prompted you to do this estate planning?

73. Do you usually read and want to understand your estate plan before you sign it? Why or why not?

74. Approximately how many wills or trusts have you had written or amended, and what has prompted the creation or amendment of those documents?

75. What information about your estate planning have you given or do you plan to give to the intended recipients of your estate?

76. How often would you want to review your estate plan after you sign it?

77. What would motivate or trigger you to update or revise your estate plan?

I. Charitable interests

78. Do you have any interest in leaving any portion of your estate to charity? If so, please describe your thoughts and intentions, spelling out the identity of the recipients of such a legacy.

79. Characterize your charitable interests and pursuits over your lifetime. How much time and money (as a percentage of your income) have you donated in a typical year?

80. Would you characterize yourself as a loyal donor to any organizations? If so, please identify these organizations.

81. Does tax savings at all motivate you to make sizable contributions? If so, on a scale of 1-10, with 10 meaning highly motivated and 1 meaning not very much motivation, how motivated does it make you?

82. How interested are you in being publically recognized (either you or your estate) for a charitable contribution?

83. How important to you is it that you or your family retains control over funds donated to charity?

84. If you had to choose, would you rather see your wealth passed to charity or to the government?

J. Family business interests

85. Do you own an interest in a family business?

86. Describe your interests in the family business, including the size of the interest (whether it is a controlling interest or a minority interest).

87. How many generations has the business been in your family?

88. How many generations presently work in the business?

89. Is there any property that the business uses that is not in the business entity (e.g., corporation, limited liability company, etc.)? If so, please describe, including how that property is owned and who owns it.

90. Does your business have a buy-sell agreement or any contract that limits the ownership of the business entity? If so, please describe and provide a copy of the agreement(s).

91. If your business has a buy-sell agreement, how long has the buy-sell agreement been in effect? Do you remember whether the agreement was fully negotiated by the parties or was simply drafted by your lawyer? Please describe.

92. Does the business have a fully functioning board of directors? Please provide details.

93. Does the board have any non-owner members?

K. Your estate planning advisors

94. Identify your principal estate planning advisors, and describe their roles and involvement.

95. How would you describe your relationships with your professional advisors?

96. How important is it that your estate planning advisors work well with and communicate with each other?

97. Do you feel that your estate planning advisors fully understand your feelings about your estate planning? How well do you feel that your estate planning advisors truly listen to you?

98. Are you concerned about any of your estate planning advisors having a conflict of interest? If so, please describe.

99. How concerned are you about the complexity of your estate planning documents? Do you feel that you truly understand those documents?

100. Have you provided all material information to your estate planning advisors? If not, what have you withheld and what was your reason for doing so?