Obamacare public option proposal is no longer defensible

(Bloomberg View) — Since I last wrote about it, Aetna’s withdrawal from the Affordable Care Act exchanges has ginned up even more drama.

Jeff Young and Jonathan Cohn of the Huffington Post published a letter in which Aetna told the Justice Department that it would reduce its exchange participation unless Justice allowed the merger with Humana to go through. This has naturally triggered a firestorm of accusations about “extortion” and renewed calls for a public option that can protect people against the threat of insurance-less insurance exchanges.

Could a “public option” fix the problems on the exchanges? More precisely, the question is: What problem would a public option solve?

Way back in 2010, when the idea of a government-run nonprofit health insurance option was hotly debated, supporters gave three answers to that question:

• A public option does not need profits, so it can sell insurance cheaper than an insurer that wants to mark up coverage for profit margin.

• A public option will have lower administrative costs than a private insurer.

• A public option can force providers to accept below-market reimbursements for their services.

Related: Actuaries: Public Plan Would Need Billions In Capital

The first argument turns out to be irrelevant, because with the exception of Medicaid managed-care plans, few insurers seem to be taking sizeable profits out of the exchanges. Indeed, since the public option was conceived as self-funding (meaning it covers its costs out of premiums, with no subsidies), there’s a high risk that the public option would prove as doomed as the ACA CO-OPs, because it would have neither the experience in caseload management to make money nor the other lines of business to subsidize losses on the exchanges.

(Image: CMS)

Medicare bargain magic

Supporters argue that a public option would have competitive advantages that would allow it to break even where others are currently losing money. One of those competitive advantages is lower administrative overhead — in theory, at least. I’ve already outlined, however, why I’m skeptical of this: While Medicare does have lower administrative costs than insurers, a lot of that benefit lies either in outsourcing normal administrative costs to other parts of the government (where they are still costly, but not on Medicare’s books) or in not doing things that insurers have to do, like all the boring customer service and billing that comes with selling to the public, rather than enrolling every citizen over the age of 65.

And then there are provider prices. Medicare pays providers less than private insurers. The idea is that the public option could pay more than Medicare, but less than private insurers (say, Medicare rates plus 5 percent to 10 percent), and thereby offer a cheaper product than private insurance.

In some sense, it’s hard to argue with this: A public option could do this. In theory. But … if this idea is so clever, why haven’t insurers done it? Probably because they will have difficulty finding enough providers who will accept those reimbursements.

Now, the public option could, with legal support, perhaps force providers to take those rates — say “If you don’t accept public option patients, you can’t see Medicare patients either.” The problem is that if you try that, all the groups who would be affected: hospitals, doctors, auxiliary service providers, health care workers’ unions and so forth — will descend upon their legislators with the white-hot fury of a thousand suns. These folks are well organized. They are extremely mediagenic. No lawmaker wants to be seen cutting the salaries of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Related: Health TV: Dr. Jane Orient