Supreme Court justices are getting 'grumpier,' study finds

(Bloomberg Business) — As the Supreme Court heads into its end-of-term heavy season, with gay marriage and a Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) case, King vs. Burwell, on the docket, scholars at Dartmouth and the University of Virginia have collaborated on computer-driven research showing that the justices’ opinions are growing “more long-winded and grumpier.” Here are the key findings.Law clerks in the works

The researchers—from Dartmouth, Keith Carlson, a computer science Ph.D. candidate, and Daniel Rockmore, a professor of computer science and mathematics; and from Virginia, Michael Livermore, an associate law professor—studied the frequency of use of “content-free” words, which are also known as function words. The words reveal “stylistic fingerprints” that are “the foundation for the large-scale study of literary style,” the scholars write.

Their analysis found that as law clerks—recent, academically gifted law school graduates who assist the justices in their work—have taken on a larger role since the late 1950s, “the justices’ individual writing styles [have become] less consistent, presumably because the pool of clerks turns over each year,” according to a summary of the scholars’ forthcoming article for the Washington University Law Review. “At the same time, the individual differences between justices diminished, leading to greater institutional writing style consistency on the court.”

Or, more bluntly: The justices’ increased reliance on clerks to write drafts of their opinions has resulted in a certain sameness in the product. More words, less civility

Other key findings include that modern justices, with their prolific clerks, tend to produce more words than their predecessors did before the mid-1950s. Moreover, the Dartmouth and UVA scholars found, “modern justices’ opinions are grumpier—or much less ‘friendly’ (the percentage of positive versus negative words)—than the opinions of earlier justices.”