Quick Take: Mortgage-backed funds have delivered good steady returns over the past three years into 2002, a year when most asset classes again suffered heavy losses. But with falling interest rates spurring homeowners to refinance their mortgages, managers of mortgage-backed securities funds face more of a challenge going forward.
One such portfolio, the TCW Galileo Total Return Bond Fund (TGLMX) gained 9.8% for the 12-month period ended November, while the average mortgage fund rose 6.2%. For the three-year period ended November, the portfolio gained an annualized 10.7%, versus 7.8% for the peer group. (By comparison, the most famous bond fund of them all, William Gross’ gigantic PIMCO Funds:Total Return Fund (PTTDX) rose 5.2% for the 12-month period, and 9.3% for the three years.)
The co-managers of TCW Galileo Total Return — Jeffrey Gundlach, Philip A. Barach and Frederick Horton — are focused on investing in securities with less overall prepayment risk, given the current environment. Though the portfolio changed its name from TCW Galileo Total Return Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund in May 2002, it remains a mortgage fund through and through. In August 2002, Standard & Poor’s upgraded its ranking of the portfolio to 5 stars from 4.
The Full Interview:
S&P: Why did you change the name of the fund to TCW Galileo Total Return Bond Fund from TCW Galileo Total Return Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund?
GUNDLACH: So we could be consistent with the fact that the fund’s primary benchmark is the Lehman Aggregate Bond Index. It was felt that the name `Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund’ gave the potentially misleading impression that the primary performance benchmark was a mortgage index.
S&P: Are you permitted to invest in other types of fixed-income securities? The portfolio appears to be almost entirely composed of mortgage-backed securities.
GUNDLACH: We are permitted to invest certain portions of the fund in fixed-income securities other than mortgages. However, we have never done so, and are not contemplating such investments at present.
S&P: Why are mortgage-backed securities, which now account for the largest portion of the fixed-income market, the most attractive bond investment now in your opinion? Is it primarily their low credit risk?
GUNDLACH: There can be no disagreement that mortgage-backed securities have been the most attractive bond investment historically, based on statistical analysis of risk and reward. Mortgage-backed securities have displayed much higher Sharpe ratios than Treasuries, corporates, or high-yield bonds over time. The reason for the higher Sharpe ratios is that the mortgage-backed securities sector has delivered returns equal to or greater than the other sectors, and has done so with lower volatility.
Looking forward, we can estimate prospective risk/reward outcomes by comparing the yields and durations of the various market sectors using available statistics from index providers. To summarize, this data suggests that the future should resemble the past, with mortgage-backed securities continuing to exhibit superior Sharpe ratios.
The fact that superior risk-adjusted returns are offered by mortgage-backed securities is the primary reason to view them as currently attractive. If this return profile can be achieved with the added comfort of not having to worry about credit losses, so much the better.
S&P: Are you completely bearish on corporate bonds right now? If so, why?
GUNDLACH: I’m not completely bearish on corporate bonds right now, but I’m not completely bullish on them either. The trouble with corporate bonds right now is twofold: First, we remain in an environment of high defaults and persistent downward revaluation of corporate health. This environment suggests that the risk of `blow-ups’ remains high and that corporate bonds continue to be a poor choice as a diversifier for equity exposure in a balanced portfolio. Second, corporates as a sector have a very high duration. This suggests that rising interest rates would cause significant price deterioration in corporate bond portfolios.
These two considerations put together create a situation where it is difficult to see corporates truly thrive. If interest rates remain low, presumably it will be because the economy remains weak, and therefore credit risk remains high, thereby sustaining a negative default trend. Conversely, if credit health improves overall, it would presumably occur in a strengthening economic environment, which would put upward pressure on interest rates. That would negatively affect corporates due to their long durations.
S&P: How would mortgage-backed securities fare in comparison given a rise in interest rates?
GUNDLACH: No fixed-income investor should expect strong returns on an absolute basis when interest rates rise significantly. However, on a relative basis, one can expect mortgage-backed securities to perform well in such an environment. The reason is that mortgages have the shortest duration of any bond sector, which makes them the least volatile and therefore the least vulnerable to price deterioration as interest rates rise. An analysis of historical results supports this view.